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Russell Martin is in an elite group – one of a handful of teenagers worldwide who learnt last week that he had achieved a perfect score in his International Baccalaureate exams.
It’s an extraordinary achievement, equivalent to getting at least six grade As at A-level. Only 65 (0.17%) of the 38,200 pupils who sat the exam last year scored the perfect 45 points. This year Martin’s school, the fee-paying Sevenoaks in Kent, had nine pupils who obtained the top score. Four are now heading for Oxford or Cambridge and two are going to Ivy League American universities.
“The baccalaureate is a more difficult exam than A-level in that you have to perform well across six subjects – you can’t just specialise in three sciences or three arts subjects as you can at A-level,” says Martin, who switched from his grammar school in Buckinghamshire, to take it.
“When my friends were doing A-level revision they were very relaxed, even revising just the night before. With the baccalaureate you don’t have that luxury. The amount you need to know means there is no way you could get away with a couple of days swotting just before the exam.”
The IB, which is seen as tougher than A-levels, especially for high-flyers, is growing in popularity in state and private schools. Yet even as more schools adopt it, disquiet is mounting among parents and pupils that top British universities – baffled, perhaps, by the scoring system – are asking baccalaureate students to jump unfairly high hurdles. While the standard offer of a place at Oxford and Cambridge depends on obtaining three grade As at A-level, some IB pupils have been asked to score up to 43 points, equivalent to twice as many A-level A grades.
Tommy Gill, 18, a pupil at Sevenoaks, is a case in point. He was astonished when a Cambridge college offered him a place last year – as long as he notched up 43 points in the IB. “I was a bit shocked,” said Gill last week, speaking from Cornwall where he is on holiday. “I was expecting a lower offer, one within the range of 38-42 points which is what the university tends to give. The school wrote to the college but they said they felt justified in making it.”
Happily, Gill was one of the Sevenoaks nine who achieved a perfect score and so he will be starting a four-year degree in medieval and modern languages at Christ’s College. Nonetheless, he said, he was worried both by the level of the offer and the reaction of some Cambridge colleges to the IB.
“At another college one admissions tutor said he knew all about the IB but then asked me how many higher level subjects I was taking. I didn’t apply there because I felt that anyone who didn’t know the basic structure of the IB – that there are three subjects taken at a higher level and another three at a standard level – was not well informed about the exam.”
Kelvin Bowkett, admissions tutor at Christ’s College, defended occasional high IB offers. The official conversion scale, which says 45 IB points is equivalent to at least six A grades at A-level, is “absolute rubbish”, he said. “Normally we would make an offer of around 39 to 40 points. If it were higher there would be a reason for that.”
However, parents writing to Chris Woodhead’s column last week raised similar concerns to Gill’s. While asking to remain anonymous, one said that her daughter had just received her IB results – she had scored 35 points, which she believed was “equivalent to 4½ A grades at A-level”. Yet her first-choice university had asked for 38 points. Her mother said: “I do not understand how they can ask IB students for such high marks when A-level candidates can only be asked for three As.”
Another parent wrote in to complain: “Our experience is that IB students are heavily discriminated against and are given much higher university offers to achieve – sometimes double that of an A-level based offer.”
Martin avoided such pitfalls last year by turning his back on British universities. The 18-year-old says that American universities understand the IB and students have a better chance of a place at Ivy League universities such as Yale.
Although Martin had considered applying to Oxford, when Yale offered him a place, irrespective of what score he got in the IB, he decided to focus his efforts across the Atlantic, eventually plumping for the University of North Carolina, which also gave him a $150,000 (£75,000) scholarship over four years. Last week he went to America to start a leadership mountaineering course, part of his university package.
“The admissions tutor at Yale said that when she saw the IB on the application form it boosted me through the applications process,” he explained, “because Yale is looking for all-rounders who want leadership opportunities. As soon as they see the IB they know you have ticked those boxes.”
Martin is a friend of Gill and says he was surprised by Cambridge’s response: “People who are asked for more than 40 points sometimes complain that Oxford and Cambridge don’t understand the IB.
“I agree that maybe there isn’t always a realisation of just how difficult it is to get more than 40 points compared with getting, say, three grade As at A-level . . . It does sometimes seem unfair.”
Mike Bolton, undermaster at Sevenoaks, says that the “average worldwide IB score is around 30. Those scoring 45 points join a genuine international elite and universities know that they’re getting something special.”
HOW THEY COMPARE
45 IB points = 6.4 A-level A grades
40 IB points = 5.4 A-level A grades
35 IB points = 4.5 A-level A grades
30 IB points = 3.5 A-level A grades
Calculated from Ucas data Research: Tom Coulson
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The article says that 30 is the 'average worldwide IB score'. According to the conversion chart 30 is equivalent to 3.5 A-level 'A' grades. How many 'average' students do you know who get grades good enough for Oxford or Cambridge?! AAA an average score - ridiculous! No wonder there's confusion.
Craig S, Oxford, UK
Candidates applying based on predicted grades can reasonably be expected to perform to predictions.
An offer ABOVE the predicted marks would be unfair; an offer AT or BELOW the predicted marks is fair as it's what the student is offering to be admitted to a place. Comparisons to A-levels irrelevant
Kate, Oxfordshire, UK
I moved from an ALevel school to Sevenoaks and took the IB this year. I was under the impression that it would enhance my chances of getting into a good university, yet i feel that it has impared my application as i would have achived highly had i done Alevels,but i came out with an average IB score
Henrietta Hickling, Kent, UK
Jon-Sevenoaks doesn't always do so well at GCSE because the students are pushed to take more subjects and they also partake in examinations higher than a GCSE level in subjects such as maths or french. This lowers overall scores and so the school has withdrawn from the league tables this year.
Henrietta Hickling, Kent, UK
The conversion between IB points and A levels misses the point. Yes, in points terms, a score of 35 on the IB equals 4.5 As at A levels; however it also equals 3 Bs and 3 Cs. Universities don't give offers based on A level points as it's the quality, not the quantity, of grades that matter.
Will Brambley, London, UK
I was one of the students to get 45 points this year. I find the association of the top score with academic potential limited. I was rejected from Oxford to read medicine, and went on to get 45 points. This only shows knowing the system, rather than academic potential, will get you 45.
Luis, Oporto, Portugal
In 2004, I got 39 and was accepted by Warwick to do Accounting & Finance. The offer at that moment was 36 points.My friend got LSE offer for 40 points and it was fair.In my opinion, I though the IB is more difficult than A-Levels. For the IB, students have to choose 6 subjects in two year study
Jerry, Birmingham, UK
I passed my IB exams in 1988. I still have to explain what it is and how it works. I attended an interview for a Degree course two years ago, the admissions team were very unfamiliar with IB, to the point that I had to explain my marks to them. Not what In expected from a well respected university.
S, Hampshire, UK
I teach Mathematics to children doing IB and other systems. I think they are far worse prepared in Maths with the IB system.
Lisa, Paris,
For the sake of accuracy, it is possible to take 4 HL subjects, not just 3 as Tommy Gill mentions in the article.
@Jon: The conversion may be debatable but Sevenoaks normally has about 80 students joining its 6th form. Such students constituted the majority of its 45-point scorers this year!
Latifah, Sevenoaks, UK
For the sake of accuracy, I'd like to point out that it is possible to take 4 HL subjects, not just 3 as Tommy Gill says in the article.
@Jon: The IB may be overrated but Sevenoaks has about 80 students who join its 6th form. Such students constituted the majority of Sevenoaks' 45-point scorers.
Latifah, Sevenoaks, UK
The comparison in this article of a 43/45 IB offer to normal AAA Oxbridge offers is, to use Dr. Bowkett's words, "absolute rubbish." Christ's offer a large number of AAAA+ Distinction AEA offers which would be very similar in difficulty to a 43/45 IB offer and means it does not undervalue the IB.
Charles, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom
My daughter attained a score of 37 points in her IB Diploma two years ago. It soon became abundantly clear that some of the Undergraduate Admissions officers had little or no idea of anything concerning the IB qualification, Some offers even bordered on the farcical when compared to A Levels.
Mike Smith, Chelmsford, Essex
Hannah King, you raise a very important point:
Offering the IB program won't guarantee good provision. Insist on seeing a school's previous DETAILED IB exam scores - before signing up. If the IB's new, check the school's pre-IB record. The IB's fantastic, but ONLY if run well. Shop carefully
Yetta, Surrey, England
I find it very interesting that IB faces serious questioning in the UK as it does here in the US. While it's true that here IB does count in a big way in the admissions process, it is frustratingly not recognized in terms of university credits as the AP program is. Makes you wonder if it's worth it.
Natalie, Seattle, Washington, US
I got 38 points in my IB Diploma this year. My Cam offer was 41 points with 7,7,6 in Higher subjects. This is considered to be a "normal" Oxbridge offer, however even my teachers agree that 41 points is much more difficult to attain than 3 A's at A-level. Their offers are ridiculous & clearly unfair
Chetan Halai, Kent, UK
The UCAS rankings overstate the difficulty of the IB. At GCSE Sevenoaks ranks approximately 40th in the country. Then THE SAME students go on to IB and Sevenoaks all of a sudden jumps to be the top school in the country. What rubbish. IB is not as hard as people say.
Jon, London, UK
The Ucas equivalents are a nonsense, but not unforgivably so. If you were asked to add together three As at A level, three As at AS, and add in something for the Theory of Knowledge paper, you'd rack up a lot of points. But 7s at HL are what really count for Oxbridge.
Alan Ryan, Oxford, UK
However I believe that IB stands you in good stead for uni, eg the extended essay should prove useful when writing academic essays. Also I believe that the offers I received were fair, although i did not apply to Oxbridge. I got 34 and I am going to Edinburgh to do French & German, which is great!
Hannah King, Harrogate, UK
What this article fails to address is that IB students can get very high points scores but still fail to meet university offers. For example, a student might have been asked for 7 7 7 at HL and 40 points and achieve 44 points but 'only' 776 at HL and so fail to meet the offer!
Barbara Hibbert, Harrogagte, North Yorkshire
Revising the night before for A-levels? In my day A-levels were a long and painful slog, and revision started in earnest the January before the June exams.
Helene, Strasbourg, France
My school ran the IB for the first time for the 2008 exams and I have recently heard that there is a 80% chance of failure in the first year. Despite the majority of us doing well, many were disappointed with the results they got and will not go to the uni of their choice.
Hannah King, Harrogate, UK